5/6 리눅스 기초 3

* [a-z][A-Z] -> 대소문자 전부를 의미

 ex) touch aad

       ls -ld aa[ad] -> ls -ld aaa

                                ls -ld aad (or의 의미라서 이렇게 둘다 출력됨)

 

*/dev/null -> 에러가 안나는 부분만 보고싶을때 사용

cat < aa > bb ->aa데이터를 표준입력으로 넣어서 bb에 넣어라

cat < aa 1 > bb -> 정상적인것만 bb에 넣어라(만약 2 로 하면 에러난것을 bb에 포함하란의미)

cat /etc/* -> cat이 파일을 볼수있는 명령어이기때문에 얘들만 쳐서 입력하면 디렉터리라고 오류뜸 -> 그래서함 뒤에 2> /dev/null 을 붙여줘야함

ex) cat /etc/* 1> /tmp/aa 2> /tmp/bb

cat /etc/* 1> /tmp/aa 2>&1 -> 에러와 정상요청을 같이 저장

 

* ; -> 앞의 명령어의 참 거짓을 신경쓰지 않고 후행명령어 실행

&& -> 앞의 명령어가 참이어야지 후행명령어를 실행함

 

 

*history는 logout할때 생김 -> bash_logout

 

*ls -- help

 

*Ctrl R -> 검색(빠져나올땐 esc)

 

* 터미널 끄고 다시 들어가서 cat ~./bash_history 다시 입력하면 그동안 쳤던 명령어 내역 다 뜸(shutdown -h now:정상적으로 종료시 뜨는 명령어)

 

* var 시스템 운영시 발생하는 메세지를 나중에 다시 확인할 수 있음(임시저장소)

   tmp 응용프로그램들이 동작할때 발생하는 임시파일들을 저장. 개별적으로 동작하므로 음Other에서 쓰기권한이 있음.

           tmp를 ls -ld /tmp 를 살행해보면 마지막에 rwt. 라고 t가 뜸. 이 t는 스페셜 퍼미션인데 자기소유가 아닌 파일들이 삭제,    수정 등을 못하게끔 막아주는 기능을 함.

 

 

---

 

student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ gedit data
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
(student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cp ~/Downloads/data.txt ./data -> gedit으로 생성 안될때 쓰는방법
cp: '/home/student/Downloads/data.txt'를 설명할 수 없음: 그런 파일이나 디렉터리가 없습니다)
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -c 2-4 data
ong
ark
m 2
on 
il 
ang
ee 
a 4
wan
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d " " -f 1,3 data
hong 011-222-2222
park 017-333-3333
im 019-444-4444
son 016-555-5555
gil 018-666-6666
jang 011-7777-7777
lee 016-8888-8888
sa 017-9999-9999
hwang 015-555-5555
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d " " -f 3,1 data
hong 011-222-2222
park 017-333-3333
im 019-444-4444
son 016-555-5555
gil 018-666-6666
jang 011-7777-7777
lee 016-8888-8888
sa 017-9999-9999
hwang 015-555-5555
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d " " -f 2 data
28
34
23
49
19
21
16
45
32
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ head -5 /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d " " -f 1,3,7 data
hong 011-222-2222
park 017-333-3333
im 019-444-4444
son 016-555-5555
gil 018-666-6666
jang 011-7777-7777
lee 016-8888-8888
sa 017-9999-9999
hwang 015-555-5555
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d : -f 1,3,7 /etc/passwd
root:0:/bin/bash
daemon:1:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:2:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:3:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:4:/bin/sync
games:5:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:6:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:7:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:8:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:9:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:10:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:13:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:33:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:34:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:38:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:39:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:41:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:65534:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:100:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:101:/usr/sbin/nologin
syslog:102:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:103:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:104:/usr/sbin/nologin
uuidd:105:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:106:/usr/sbin/nologin
usbmux:107:/usr/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:108:/usr/sbin/nologin
rtkit:109:/usr/sbin/nologin
cups-pk-helper:110:/usr/sbin/nologin
speech-dispatcher:111:/bin/false
whoopsie:112:/bin/false
kernoops:113:/usr/sbin/nologin
saned:114:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi:115:/usr/sbin/nologin
colord:116:/usr/sbin/nologin
hplip:117:/bin/false
geoclue:118:/usr/sbin/nologin
pulse:119:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:120:/bin/false
gdm:121:/bin/false
student:1000:/bin/bash
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d ":" -f 1,3,7 /etc/passwd
root:0:/bin/bash
daemon:1:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:2:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:3:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:4:/bin/sync
games:5:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:6:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:7:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:8:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:9:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:10:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:13:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:33:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:34:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:38:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:39:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:41:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:65534:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:100:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:101:/usr/sbin/nologin
syslog:102:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:103:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:104:/usr/sbin/nologin
uuidd:105:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:106:/usr/sbin/nologin
usbmux:107:/usr/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:108:/usr/sbin/nologin
rtkit:109:/usr/sbin/nologin
cups-pk-helper:110:/usr/sbin/nologin
speech-dispatcher:111:/bin/false
whoopsie:112:/bin/false
kernoops:113:/usr/sbin/nologin
saned:114:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi:115:/usr/sbin/nologin
colord:116:/usr/sbin/nologin
hplip:117:/bin/false
geoclue:118:/usr/sbin/nologin
pulse:119:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:120:/bin/false
gdm:121:/bin/false
student:1000:/bin/bash
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d ":" -f 1,3,7 /etc/passwd
root:0:/bin/bash
daemon:1:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:2:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:3:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:4:/bin/sync
games:5:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:6:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:7:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:8:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:9:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:10:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:13:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:33:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:34:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:38:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:39:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:41:/usr/sbin/nologin
nobody:65534:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:100:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:101:/usr/sbin/nologin
syslog:102:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:103:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:104:/usr/sbin/nologin
uuidd:105:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:106:/usr/sbin/nologin
usbmux:107:/usr/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:108:/usr/sbin/nologin
rtkit:109:/usr/sbin/nologin
cups-pk-helper:110:/usr/sbin/nologin
speech-dispatcher:111:/bin/false
whoopsie:112:/bin/false
kernoops:113:/usr/sbin/nologin
saned:114:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi:115:/usr/sbin/nologin
colord:116:/usr/sbin/nologin
hplip:117:/bin/false
geoclue:118:/usr/sbin/nologin
pulse:119:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:120:/bin/false
gdm:121:/bin/false
student:1000:/bin/bash
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d ":" -f 1,3,7 /etc/passwd | head -5
root:0:/bin/bash
daemon:1:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:2:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:3:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:4:/bin/sync
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -hTP
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G  1.8M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/sda1      ext4      117G   42G   70G  38% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop2     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop3     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop4     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/157
/dev/loop0     squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/748
/dev/loop6     squashfs   66M   66M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop1     squashfs  384K  384K     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/550
/dev/loop5     squashfs   65M   65M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop7     squashfs   30M   30M     0 100% /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop8     squashfs   33M   33M     0 100% /snap/snapd/11588
/dev/loop9     squashfs  640K  640K     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/103
/dev/loop10    squashfs  1.0M  1.0M     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/100
/dev/loop11    squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1885
/dev/loop12    squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/884
/dev/loop13    squashfs  219M  219M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop14    squashfs  384K  384K     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/708
/dev/loop15    squashfs  256M  256M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   16K  1.6G   1% /run/user/121
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   44K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1000
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -hTP | cut -d " " -f 1,3
Filesystem 
udev 
tmpfs 
/dev/sda1 
tmpfs 
tmpfs 
tmpfs 
/dev/loop2 
/dev/loop3 
/dev/loop4 
/dev/loop0 
/dev/loop6 
/dev/loop1 
/dev/loop5 
/dev/loop7 
/dev/loop8 
/dev/loop9 
/dev/loop10 
/dev/loop11 
/dev/loop12 
/dev/loop13 
/dev/loop14 
/dev/loop15 
tmpfs 
tmpfs 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat > exam1
red
blue
white
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat > exam2
yellow
green
gray
black
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ paste exam1 exam2
red	yellow
blue	green
white	gray
	black
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ paste exam1 exam2 > exam3
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat exam3
red	yellow
blue	green
white	gray
	black
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ paste -d : exam1 exam2
red:yellow
blue:green
white:gray
:black
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ paste -d : exam1 exam2 | cut -d : -f 1
red
blue
white

student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ paste -s -d "|" exam1 exam2
red|blue|white
yellow|green|gray|black
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ paste -s -d "|" exam1 exam2 | cut -d "|" -f2
blue
green
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sort data
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sort -t " " -k2 data
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ head -5 /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sort -t : -k3 -n /etc/passwd
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/bin/bash
daemon:x:1:1:daemon:/usr/sbin:/usr/sbin/nologin
bin:x:2:2:bin:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
sys:x:3:3:sys:/dev:/usr/sbin/nologin
sync:x:4:65534:sync:/bin:/bin/sync
games:x:5:60:games:/usr/games:/usr/sbin/nologin
man:x:6:12:man:/var/cache/man:/usr/sbin/nologin
lp:x:7:7:lp:/var/spool/lpd:/usr/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:8:mail:/var/mail:/usr/sbin/nologin
news:x:9:9:news:/var/spool/news:/usr/sbin/nologin
uucp:x:10:10:uucp:/var/spool/uucp:/usr/sbin/nologin
proxy:x:13:13:proxy:/bin:/usr/sbin/nologin
www-data:x:33:33:www-data:/var/www:/usr/sbin/nologin
backup:x:34:34:backup:/var/backups:/usr/sbin/nologin
list:x:38:38:Mailing List Manager:/var/list:/usr/sbin/nologin
irc:x:39:39:ircd:/var/run/ircd:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnats:x:41:41:Gnats Bug-Reporting System (admin):/var/lib/gnats:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-network:x:100:102:systemd Network Management,,,:/run/systemd/netif:/usr/sbin/nologin
systemd-resolve:x:101:103:systemd Resolver,,,:/run/systemd/resolve:/usr/sbin/nologin
syslog:x:102:106::/home/syslog:/usr/sbin/nologin
messagebus:x:103:107::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
_apt:x:104:65534::/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
uuidd:x:105:111::/run/uuidd:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi-autoipd:x:106:112:Avahi autoip daemon,,,:/var/lib/avahi-autoipd:/usr/sbin/nologin
usbmux:x:107:46:usbmux daemon,,,:/var/lib/usbmux:/usr/sbin/nologin
dnsmasq:x:108:65534:dnsmasq,,,:/var/lib/misc:/usr/sbin/nologin
rtkit:x:109:114:RealtimeKit,,,:/proc:/usr/sbin/nologin
cups-pk-helper:x:110:116:user for cups-pk-helper service,,,:/home/cups-pk-helper:/usr/sbin/nologin
speech-dispatcher:x:111:29:Speech Dispatcher,,,:/var/run/speech-dispatcher:/bin/false
whoopsie:x:112:117::/nonexistent:/bin/false
kernoops:x:113:65534:Kernel Oops Tracking Daemon,,,:/:/usr/sbin/nologin
saned:x:114:119::/var/lib/saned:/usr/sbin/nologin
avahi:x:115:120:Avahi mDNS daemon,,,:/var/run/avahi-daemon:/usr/sbin/nologin
colord:x:116:121:colord colour management daemon,,,:/var/lib/colord:/usr/sbin/nologin
hplip:x:117:7:HPLIP system user,,,:/var/run/hplip:/bin/false
geoclue:x:118:122::/var/lib/geoclue:/usr/sbin/nologin
pulse:x:119:123:PulseAudio daemon,,,:/var/run/pulse:/usr/sbin/nologin
gnome-initial-setup:x:120:65534::/run/gnome-initial-setup/:/bin/false
gdm:x:121:125:Gnome Display Manager:/var/lib/gdm3:/bin/false
student:x:1000:1000:student,,,:/home/student:/bin/bash
nobody:x:65534:65534:nobody:/nonexistent:/usr/sbin/nologin
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cut -d : -f3 /etc/passwd | sort -n | head -10 
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sort -t : -k3 -n /etc/passwd | cut -d : -f3 | head -10 
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ ls /proc | grep ^[0-9] | sort -n | head -5
1
2
3
4
6
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ ps -ef | head -6
UID        PID  PPID  C STIME TTY          TIME CMD
root         1     0  0 09:21 ?        00:00:34 /sbin/init splash
root         2     0  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 [kthreadd]
root         3     2  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_gp]
root         4     2  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 [rcu_par_gp]
root         6     2  0 09:21 ?        00:00:00 [kworker/0:0H-kb]
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '/011/p' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -n '/011/p' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '/011/d' data
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '1,3d' data
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '5,$d' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '4q' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '/seoul/d' data
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '/011/p' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -n '/011/p' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '1,3d' data
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '5,$d' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '4q' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '/seoul/d' data
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ 

 

 

 

---

 

 

student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed 's/japan/bosung/g' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 bosung 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -n 's/japan/bosung/g' data
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -n 's/japan/bosung/gp' data
jang 21 011-7777-7777 bosung 
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -n '1,4s/japan/bosung/gp' data
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed '1,4s/japan/bosung/gp' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 japan 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ echo "s/japan/bosung/g" > sedfilter1
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -f sedfilter1 data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 us 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
jang 21 011-7777-7777 bosung 
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -e '/japan/d' -e 's/us/uk/g' data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 uk 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat > sedfilter2
/japan/d
s/us/uk/g
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ cat sedfilter2
/japan/d
s/us/uk/g
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ sed -f sedfilter2 data
hong 28 011-222-2222 seoul 
park 34 017-333-3333 kyunggi 
im 23 019-444-4444 chungnam 
son 49 016-555-5555 uk 
gil 19 018-666-6666 korea
lee 16 016-8888-8888 china 
sa 45 017-9999-9999 canada 
hwang 32 015-555-5555  kwangju
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -hTP
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G  1.8M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/sda1      ext4      117G   42G   70G  38% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop2     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop3     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop4     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/157
/dev/loop0     squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/748
/dev/loop6     squashfs   66M   66M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop1     squashfs  384K  384K     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/550
/dev/loop5     squashfs   65M   65M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop7     squashfs   30M   30M     0 100% /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop8     squashfs   33M   33M     0 100% /snap/snapd/11588
/dev/loop9     squashfs  640K  640K     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/103
/dev/loop10    squashfs  1.0M  1.0M     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/100
/dev/loop11    squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1885
/dev/loop12    squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/884
/dev/loop13    squashfs  219M  219M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop14    squashfs  384K  384K     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/708
/dev/loop15    squashfs  256M  256M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   16K  1.6G   1% /run/user/121
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   40K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1000
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -hTP | sed '2,$s/%/퍼센트/g' 
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0퍼센트 /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G  1.8M  1.6G   1퍼센트 /run
/dev/sda1      ext4      117G   42G   70G  38퍼센트 /
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0퍼센트 /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1퍼센트 /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0퍼센트 /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop2     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop3     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop4     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-system-monitor/157
/dev/loop0     squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-calculator/748
/dev/loop6     squashfs   66M   66M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop1     squashfs  384K  384K     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-characters/550
/dev/loop5     squashfs   65M   65M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop7     squashfs   30M   30M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop8     squashfs   33M   33M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/snapd/11588
/dev/loop9     squashfs  640K  640K     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-logs/103
/dev/loop10    squashfs  1.0M  1.0M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-logs/100
/dev/loop11    squashfs   56M   56M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/core18/1885
/dev/loop12    squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-calculator/884
/dev/loop13    squashfs  219M  219M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop14    squashfs  384K  384K     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-characters/708
/dev/loop15    squashfs  256M  256M     0 100퍼센트 /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   16K  1.6G   1퍼센트 /run/user/121
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   40K  1.6G   1퍼센트 /run/user/1000
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -hTP | sed '2,$s/%//g' 
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0 /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G  1.8M  1.6G   1 /run
/dev/sda1      ext4      117G   42G   70G  38 /
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0 /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1 /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0 /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop2     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100 /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop3     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100 /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop4     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100 /snap/gnome-system-monitor/157
/dev/loop0     squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100 /snap/gnome-calculator/748
/dev/loop6     squashfs   66M   66M     0 100 /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop1     squashfs  384K  384K     0 100 /snap/gnome-characters/550
/dev/loop5     squashfs   65M   65M     0 100 /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop7     squashfs   30M   30M     0 100 /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop8     squashfs   33M   33M     0 100 /snap/snapd/11588
/dev/loop9     squashfs  640K  640K     0 100 /snap/gnome-logs/103
/dev/loop10    squashfs  1.0M  1.0M     0 100 /snap/gnome-logs/100
/dev/loop11    squashfs   56M   56M     0 100 /snap/core18/1885
/dev/loop12    squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100 /snap/gnome-calculator/884
/dev/loop13    squashfs  219M  219M     0 100 /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop14    squashfs  384K  384K     0 100 /snap/gnome-characters/708
/dev/loop15    squashfs  256M  256M     0 100 /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   16K  1.6G   1 /run/user/121
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   40K  1.6G   1 /run/user/1000
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -hTP | sed '2,$s/%/ /g' 
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0  /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G  1.8M  1.6G   1  /run
/dev/sda1      ext4      117G   42G   70G  38  /
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0  /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1  /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0  /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop2     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100  /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop3     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100  /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop4     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100  /snap/gnome-system-monitor/157
/dev/loop0     squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100  /snap/gnome-calculator/748
/dev/loop6     squashfs   66M   66M     0 100  /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop1     squashfs  384K  384K     0 100  /snap/gnome-characters/550
/dev/loop5     squashfs   65M   65M     0 100  /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop7     squashfs   30M   30M     0 100  /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop8     squashfs   33M   33M     0 100  /snap/snapd/11588
/dev/loop9     squashfs  640K  640K     0 100  /snap/gnome-logs/103
/dev/loop10    squashfs  1.0M  1.0M     0 100  /snap/gnome-logs/100
/dev/loop11    squashfs   56M   56M     0 100  /snap/core18/1885
/dev/loop12    squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100  /snap/gnome-calculator/884
/dev/loop13    squashfs  219M  219M     0 100  /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop14    squashfs  384K  384K     0 100  /snap/gnome-characters/708
/dev/loop15    squashfs  256M  256M     0 100  /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   16K  1.6G   1  /run/user/121
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   40K  1.6G   1  /run/user/1000
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ 

student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ awk '{print $1,$3}' data
hong 011-222-2222
park 017-333-3333
im 019-444-4444
son 016-555-5555
gil 018-666-6666
jang 011-7777-7777
lee 016-8888-8888
sa 017-9999-9999
hwang 015-555-5555
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ awk -F " " '{print $1, $3}' data
hong 011-222-2222
park 017-333-3333
im 019-444-4444
son 016-555-5555
gil 018-666-6666
jang 011-7777-7777
lee 016-8888-8888
sa 017-9999-9999
hwang 015-555-5555
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ awk -F " " '{print $3, $1}' data
011-222-2222 hong
017-333-3333 park
019-444-4444 im
016-555-5555 son
018-666-6666 gil
011-7777-7777 jang
016-8888-8888 lee
017-9999-9999 sa
015-555-5555 hwang
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ awk -F " " '{print $1"님의 핸드폰 번호는 ",$3 "입 니다"}' data
hong님의 핸드폰 번호는  011-222-2222입니다
park님의 핸드폰 번호는  017-333-3333입니다
im님의 핸드폰 번호는  019-444-4444입니다
son님의 핸드폰 번호는  016-555-5555입니다
gil님의 핸드폰 번호는  018-666-6666입니다
jang님의 핸드폰 번호는  011-7777-7777입니다
lee님의 핸드폰 번호는  016-8888-8888입니다
sa님의 핸드폰 번호는  017-9999-9999입니다
hwang님의 핸드폰 번호는  015-555-5555입니다
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -Tph
df: 부적절한 옵션 -- 'p'
Try 'df --help' for more information.
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -TPh
Filesystem     Type      Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
udev           devtmpfs  7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G  1.8M  1.6G   1% /run
/dev/sda1      ext4      117G   42G   70G  38% /
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs          tmpfs     5.0M  4.0K  5.0M   1% /run/lock
tmpfs          tmpfs     7.8G     0  7.8G   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/loop2     squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1997
/dev/loop3     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/148
/dev/loop4     squashfs  2.3M  2.3M     0 100% /snap/gnome-system-monitor/157
/dev/loop0     squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/748
/dev/loop6     squashfs   66M   66M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1515
/dev/loop1     squashfs  384K  384K     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/550
/dev/loop5     squashfs   65M   65M     0 100% /snap/gtk-common-themes/1514
/dev/loop7     squashfs   30M   30M     0 100% /snap/snapd/8542
/dev/loop8     squashfs   33M   33M     0 100% /snap/snapd/11588
/dev/loop9     squashfs  640K  640K     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/103
/dev/loop10    squashfs  1.0M  1.0M     0 100% /snap/gnome-logs/100
/dev/loop11    squashfs   56M   56M     0 100% /snap/core18/1885
/dev/loop12    squashfs  2.5M  2.5M     0 100% /snap/gnome-calculator/884
/dev/loop13    squashfs  219M  219M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/66
/dev/loop14    squashfs  384K  384K     0 100% /snap/gnome-characters/708
/dev/loop15    squashfs  256M  256M     0 100% /snap/gnome-3-34-1804/36
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   16K  1.6G   1% /run/user/121
tmpfs          tmpfs     1.6G   40K  1.6G   1% /run/user/1000
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -TPh | grep ^/dev/sd
/dev/sda1      ext4      117G   42G   70G  38% /
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ df -TPh | grep ^/dev/sd | awk '{print $1, $6, $7}'/dev/sda1 38% /
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ ls -l | grep ^d | awk '{print $1,$3,$9}'
drwxr-xr-x student Documents
drwx------ student VirtualBox
drwxr-xr-x student 공개
drwxr-xr-x student 다운로드
drwxr-xr-x student 문서
drwxr-xr-x student 바탕화면
drwxr-xr-x student 비디오
drwxr-xr-x student 사진
drwxr-xr-x student 음악
drwxr-xr-x student 템플릿
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ ls -l
합계 80
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 19 14:00  Documents
drwx------ 4 student student 4096  5월  4 10:44 'VirtualBox VMs'
-rwxrw-r-- 1 student student 2410  5월  4 15:36  aaa
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student  253  5월  6 14:53  data
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   15  5월  6 15:17  exam1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   24  5월  6 15:17  exam2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   40  5월  6 15:19  exam3
-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980  4월 19 10:24  examples.desktop
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   17  5월  6 16:42  sedfilter1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   19  5월  6 16:44  sedfilter2
-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0  5월  4 15:10  vimrc
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25  공개
drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096  5월  4 10:22  다운로드
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25  문서
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  5월  4 10:23  바탕화면
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25  비디오
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25  사진
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25  음악
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25  템플릿
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ ls -l | awk '$5 > 4096{print $0}'
-rw-r--r-- 1 student student 8980  4월 19 10:24 examples.desktop
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ ls -l | awk '$5 < 4096{print $0}'
합계 80
-rwxrw-r-- 1 student student 2410  5월  4 15:36 aaa
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student  253  5월  6 14:53 data
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   15  5월  6 15:17 exam1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   24  5월  6 15:17 exam2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   40  5월  6 15:19 exam3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   17  5월  6 16:42 sedfilter1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   19  5월  6 16:44 sedfilter2
-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0  5월  4 15:10 vimrc
student@student-B85M-DS3H-A:~$ ls -l | awk '$5 <= 4096{print $0}'
합계 80
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 19 14:00 Documents
drwx------ 4 student student 4096  5월  4 10:44 VirtualBox VMs
-rwxrw-r-- 1 student student 2410  5월  4 15:36 aaa
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student  253  5월  6 14:53 data
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   15  5월  6 15:17 exam1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   24  5월  6 15:17 exam2
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   40  5월  6 15:19 exam3
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   17  5월  6 16:42 sedfilter1
-rw-rw-r-- 1 student student   19  5월  6 16:44 sedfilter2
-rw-r--r-- 1 student student    0  5월  4 15:10 vimrc
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25 공개
drwxr-xr-x 3 student student 4096  5월  4 10:22 다운로드
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25 문서
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  5월  4 10:23 바탕화면
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25 비디오
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25 사진
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25 음악
drwxr-xr-x 2 student student 4096  4월 27 09:25 템플릿